Physical Rehabilitation and Recreational Health Technologies

Changes in physical activity indicators of Ukrainian students in the conditions of distance education

Olena Andrieieva, Nataliia Byshevets, Vitalii Kashuba, Anna Hakman, Igor Grygus — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: purpose of the work is to determine the changes in physical activity indicators of Ukrainian students in the conditions of distance education caused by the quarantine restrictions and the conditions of the legal regime of martial law.

Material & Methods: the study, which lasted from 2020 to 2023, involved 1528 higher education students from different regions of Ukraine. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical activity. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: the results of the study of PA indicators in students showed that on average they had a normal PA score, which was 26.0 (22.0; 32.0) points for males, and 24.0 (19.0; 30.0) points for females. It was proved that, compared to female students, the PA score of male students was statistically significantly higher (U=226269.5; Z=7.329; p<0.05). The study of the dynamics of PA indicators demonstrated that while the PA score of higher education students, regardless of gender status, decreased from the beginning of quarantine restrictions (p<0.05), it did not differ statistically from the pre-quarantine level (p>0.05) in 2021. Nevertheless, with the outbreak of hostilities in the Ukraine, the PA score has decreased and continues to decline. There was an unprecedented increase in the percentage of students with low PA, which reached 43.1% and 60.1% among male and female students, respectively, in 2023.

Conclusions: the analysis of the dynamics of PA in higher education students for the period from 2019 to 2023 revealed a decrease in the PA score during the distance learning period, regardless of gender status. The only exception was 2021, which can be explained by the adaptation of students to distance learning. Instead, the armed conflict in the country led to a sharp decline in the PA score and a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the proportion of students with low physical activity. Moreover, this trend continued in 2023. The findings of the study made possible to assess the extent of the negative impact of distance learning under quarantine restrictions and the legal regime of martial law on the PA in higher education students.

Compliance to modification of risk factors for recurrent myocardial infarction in the long term of the disease: a randomized study

Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: to study the relationship between awareness and commitment to modifying risk factors for recurrent myocardial infarction in a long period of the disease.

Material & Methods: to study the awareness of risk factors and adherence to secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI), a representative sample was created. Of 912 patients treated for myocardial infarction, 333 patients were randomized, taking into account proportional distribution in the population by age (under 65 and over 65 years) and gender. The average age of patients was 62.5±9.8 years: 70,27% of men and 29,73% of women.

Patients' awareness of risk factors, the use of preventive measures and adherence to treatment were assessed on the basis of a questionnaire.

Statistical processing of the obtained material was carried out using the statistical program STATISTICA 12.5 (StatSoft.Inc). Results are presented as mean and standard deviation (M±s), number of options (n). To compare the qualitative characteristics (frequency tables), the χ² test and Fisher's exact test were used.

All participants were informed about the aims of the study and gave written consent to participate in the study.

Results: low awareness (Aw) and commitment (Cm) to the modification of such risk factors for recurrent infarction in a long period of the disease as: reduced fat intake Aw 16,52%, Cm 19,4%; regular consumption of vegetables and fruits Aw 11,41%, Cm 9,7%; smoking cessation Aw 15,92%, Cm 11,04%; decrease in alcohol consumption Aw 16,52%, Cm 10,70%; increased physical activity Aw 14,41%, Cm 12,37%; weight loss with its excess Aw 3,0%, Cm 2,34%; avoidance of stress Aw 28,53%, Cm 18,06%. Although the vast majority of patients received appropriate recommendations from the doctor.

Conclusions: low awareness of the possibility of modifying heart disease risk factors is associated with the failure to implement such non-pharmacological measures in secondary prevention after MI: decrease in fat intake (χ²=65,12; p=0,000) and regular consumption of vegetables and fruits (F p=0,000), unwillingness to quit smoking (F p=0,000) and decrease in alcohol consumption (F p=0,000), unwillingness to increase physical activity (χ²=17,61; p=0,000) and reduce weight in case of its excess (F p=0,015), avoiding stress (χ²=27,42; p=0,000).

Multifunctional changes in the athletes’ body during the formation of autonomic regulations’ overstrain under the influence of training load

Oksana Guzii, Anatolii Mahlovanyi, Oleksandr Romanchuk — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to generalize polysystemic changes that occur in the body of highly qualified athletes with signs of autonomic regulation overstrain under the influence of training load and during the recovery period after it.

Material & Methods: test subjects were qualified male athletes (N=202) aged 22.6±2.8 years, who were examined by means of spiroarteriocardiorhythmography (SACR) and computerized motion meter (CMM). In accordance with the design the examinations with the aid of SACR and CMM were carried out three times: in the morning, on an empty stomach, in a sitting position on the day of training (G₁), immediately after training (during the first 5-7 minutes) (G₂) and the next day in the morning after sleep (G₃).

Results: according to the data of the examination of athletes in the dynamics of recovery after the training load, options of changes in HRV indicators were determined, which indicated the formation of sympathetic and parasympathetic overstrain in athletes. Two groups were created. The first included 10 athletes, the second included 9 athletes. The analysis of changes in indicators, the research methods used, allowed us to establish differences in their dynamics during the formation of sympathetic and parasympathetic overstrain. Differences were noted among 18 indicators. Among them are indicators of HRV – ABI (c.u.), SRAI (c.u.), ARI (c.u.), RMSSD (ms), VLF (ms²), LFHF (ms²/ms²); variability of arterial pressure – LF_SBPn (n.u.), HF_SBPn (n.u.), LFHF_SBP(mmHg²), TP_DBP (mmHg²), LF_DBP, (mmHg²), IC_DBP (mmHg²/mmHg²); hemodynamics – CO (dm³), GPVR, (dyn/s/cm⁻⁵), CI (dm³/m²); respiratory variability – TP_R (L×min^–¹)²; of sensorimotor function – SCSleft (s), SMleft (%).

Conclusions: the obtained results on the formation of sympathetic and parasympathetic overstrain under the influence of intense physical activity indicate that changes in the autonomic regulation of the heart rate, which determine the type of heart rate regulation, are accompanied by a number of changes in hemodynamics, autonomic regulation of the pumping function of the heart, vascular tone, respiratory regulation, and sensorimotor function. The determined differential dynamics of changes in cardiorespiratory and sensorimotor indicators will allow further algorithmization of the assessment of the functional state of the athletes’ body in order to detect early states of non-functional overstrain and overtraining.

Impact of using the principle of spectral-dynamic analysis of the intensity of the electret field of the "Vim Vitae" electronic complex on a living organism

Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The narrow-specialization approach that dominates academic medicine today does not contribute to the development of a health preservation strategy. Treatment "according to the scheme" practically ignores the individual characteristics of each organism with its momentary states. The success of the fight for people's health is largely determined by the degree of development and implementation of an effective strategy for diagnosis, correction and continuous monitoring of the quality of life of a specific person.

Purpose: of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of innovative quantum technologies in the system of providing correctional and rehabilitation services to persons with functional disorders of the psycho-physical state (post-acute syndrome, protection against electromagnetic radiation, bacterial and viral forms).

Material & Methods: The implementation of the research became possible due to the use of the hardware and software complex "Vim Vitae", which included an electronic device for receiving and transmitting electrical bio-potentials; electronic module for converting electromagnetic vibrations; a special computer program for a smartphone, personal computer (PC), laptop, tablet, etc.; servers with algorithms for automatic processing of personalized data, databases of electronic markers, recommendations, etc.

The work also used the results of a survey of the center's clients. The individual questionnaire (98 questions) included information about the reasons for contacting the Center, subjective self-assessment of the quality of life, and also contained data about the functional capabilities of individual body systems, about the diet, daily movement patterns, and psycho-emotional state.

Results: Innovative technologies and informatics-metric methods of diagnosis and correction of a person's psycho-physical state allow not only to quickly and accurately identify the causes of functional changes in the body, but can also become a convenient and effective means of control/self-monitoring of health, remote monitoring, and health protection from electromagnetic radiation, bacterial and viral forms.

Conclusions: According to the key provisions of the "WHO Strategy in the Field of Traditional Medicine 2014-2023," the results of our research prove the effectiveness of using hardware complexes "ARC", "АRK.exe", "VV". Innovative technologies using the mentioned hardware complexes can be recommended as an independent method of early (pre-clinical) detection of psycho-physical state disorders, organization of correctional rehabilitation activities, and/or in combination with other methods of therapy for functional disorders of organs and systems in order to provide modern multi-functional assistance to individuals, as well as an individual remote means of monitoring (self-monitoring) the state of health, when the generally accepted in medical practice means of therapy have shown their inefficiency.

The effectiveness of the physical therapy program for patients with metabolic syndrome based on the study of the dynamics of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system and hemodynamic parameters

Yuliya Kalmykova, Sergey Kalmykov — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: determination of the influence of the physical therapy program on the dynamics of blood pressure, heart rate and vegetative Kerdo index in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Material & Methods: the study was conducted on the basis of the Municipal institution of health care "Kharkiv City Hospital No. 3". 28 young women were under observation, randomly divided into two groups: the main group (MG) – 14 patients and the control group (CG) – 14 patients. The mean age of patients in the MG was 31,49±0,71 years, in the CG – 31,06±0,57 years. The patients of the main group underwent rehabilitation measures according to the author's program of physical therapy, which included a hypocaloric diet with a lipid-lowering orientation (lipid-lowering diet No. 1), the basic principles of which are developed by the American Heart Association, therapeutic massage for patients with alimentary-constitutional obesity; kinesitherapy using elements of sports-oriented aerobics and special physical exercises based on Pilates gymnastics using fitballs and expanders; dosed walking in combination with breathing exercises, taking into account the activity of the autonomic nervous system, for patients in the control group – according to the program used for metabolic syndrome in the indicated medical institution. To identify the effectiveness of the author's program, a comparison was made of heart rate, arterial tonometry, vegetative Kerdo index (V.I.) at the beginning and end of the study.

Results: in the determination and analysis of blood pressure, heart rate and vegetative Kerdo index during the second study, we noted the normalization of heart rate, SBP, DBP in women of the main group (р>0,05), in the control group, the dynamics of DBP was statistically insignificant (р>0,05). In women of the main group, the heart rate during the second examination compared with the primary one decreased by 19,8%, the SBP level decreased by 9,1%, the DBP level decreased by 11,0%. In CG patients, the heart rate during the second study decreased by 8.8% compared to the primary one, the SBP level decreased by 5,2%, the DBP level decreased by 3,9% (р>0,05).

Conclusions: comparison of the obtained results of the study showed the normalization of hemodynamic parameters and the tone of the autonomic nervous system, there was also a tendency towards balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS in patients of the main group, in the physical rehabilitation of which therapeutic exercises were applied with the use of regulated breathing exercises, taking into account the tone of the sympathetic or parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which helps to improve the quality of life of patients with metabolic syndrome.